Ghidul Programatorului HTML

Informatii » scoala » informatica

biologie botanica chimie cultura didactica diverse film fotografie fizica geografie gradinita informatica istorie matematica muzica psihic sport

Ghidul Programatorului HTML

Elemente de baza

Tip document <HTML></HTML> (inceput si sfarsit fisier)

Titlu <TITLE></TITLE> (trebuie sa fie in header)

Header <HEAD></HEAD> (informatii descriptive, cum ar fi titlul)

Corp <BODY></BODY> (corp pagina)

Definitie Structurala

Marime font <H?></H?> (spec. defineste 6 nivele)

Marime cu aliniere <H? ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></H?>

Divizare <DIV></DIV>

Divizare cu aliniere <DIV ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER></DIV>

Citat <BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE> (de obicei deplasat)

Evidentiere <EM></EM> (de obicei aplecat)

Evidentiere prin ingrosare <STRONG></STRONG> (de obicei ingrosat)

Citat <CITE></CITE> (de obicei aplecat)

Cod <CODE></CODE> (pt. listare cod sursa)

Exemplu output <SAMP></SAMP>

Input tastatura <KBD></KBD>

Variabila <VAR></VAR>

Definitie <DFN></DFN> (nu prea raspandit)

Addresa autor <ADDRESS></ADDRESS>

Font mare <BIG></BIG>

Font mic <SMALL></SMALL>

Link-uri si Grafica

Link catre alt document <A HREF='URL'></A>

Link catre un target <A HREF='URL#***'></A> (in alt document)

<A HREF='#***'></A> (in acelasi document)

Definire target in document <A NAME='***'></A>

Relatie <A REL='***'></A> (nu prea raspandit)

Relatie inversa <A REV='***'></A> (nu prea raspandit)

Incarcare imagine <IMG SRC='URL'>

Aliniere <IMG SRC='URL' ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM|MIDDLE|LEFT|RIGHT>

Aliniere <IMG SRC='URL' ALIGN=TEXTTOP| ABSMIDDLE|BASELINE|ABSBOTTOM>

Alternare text <IMG SRC='URL' ALT='***'> (daca imaginea nu este incarcata)

Mapare imagine <IMG SRC='URL' ISMAP> (cere un CGI)

Utilizare imagine mapata <IMG SRC='URL' USEMAP='URL'>

Definire mapare <MAP NAME='***'></MAP>

Definire regiune mapata <AREA SHAPE='RECT' COORDS=',,,' HREF='URL'|NOHREF>

Dimensiuni <IMG SRC='URL' WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> (in pixeli)

Chenar <IMG SRC='URL' BORDER=?> (in pixeli)

Spatiu inconjurator <IMG SRC='URL' HSPACE=? VSPACE=?> (in pixeli)

Browser cu rezolutie mica <IMG SRC='URL' LOWSRC='URL'>

Fortare client <META HTTP-EQUIV='Refresh' CONTENT='?; URL=URL'>

Inserare obiect <EMBED SRC='URL'> (inserare obiect in pagina)

Dimensiuni obiect <EMBED SRC='URL' WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?>

Divizori

Paragraf <P></P> (de obicei nu e necesara inchiderea tag-ului)

Aliniere text <P ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></P>

Linie noua <BR> (un singur CR)

Eliminare spatiu din jurul textului <BR CLEAR=LEFT|RIGHT|ALL>

Linie orizontala <HR>

Aliniere <HR ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER>

Grosime <HR SIZE=?> (in pixeli)

Lungime <HR WIDTH=?> (in pixeli)

Lungime procentuala <HR WIDTH='%'> (procentaj din latimea paginii)

Linie solida <HR NOSHADE> (fara aspect 3D)

Linie text continua <NOBR></NOBR> (previne trecerea la linie noua)

Trecere la linie noua <WBR>

Liste

Liste nenumerotate <UL><LI></UL> (<LI> inainte de fiecare element al listei)

Compacta <UL COMPACT></UL>

Tipul bullet-ului <UL TYPE=DISC|CIRCLE|SQUARE> (pentru toata lista)

<LI TYPE=DISC|CIRCLE|SQUARE> (acesta si urmatorii)

Liste numerotate <OL><LI></OL> (<LI> inainte de fiecare element al listei)

Compacta <OL COMPACT></OL>

Tipul numaratorii <OL TYPE=A|a|I|i|1> (pentru toata lista)

<LI TYPE=A|a|I|i|1> (acesta si subsecventele sale)

Numar de inceput <OL START=?> (pentru toata lista)

<LI VALUE=?> (acesta si subsecventele sale)

Liste de definitii <DL><DT><DD></DL> (<DT>=termen, <DD>=definitie)

Compacta <DL COMPACT></DL>

Liste menu <MENU><LI></MENU> (<LI> inainte de fiecare element al listei)

Compacta <MENU COMPACT></MENU>

Liste directori <DIR><LI></DIR> (<LI> inainte de fiecare element al listei)

Compacta <DIR COMPACT></DIR>

Fundaluri si Culori

Imagine fundal <BODY BACKGROUND='URL'>

Culoare fundal <BODY BGCOLOR='#$$$$$$'> (ordinea este rosu/verde/albastru)

Culoare text <BODY TEXT='#$$$$$$'>

Culoare link-uri <BODY LINK='#$$$$$$'>

Link-uri vizitate <BODY VLINK='#$$$$$$'>

Link activat <BODY ALINK='#$$$$$$'>

Form-uri

Definire form <FORM ACTION='URL' METHOD=GET|POST></FORM>

Incarcare fisier <FORM ENCTYPE='multipart/form-data'></FORM>

Nume camp <INPUT NAME='***'>

Valoare camp <INPUT VALUE='***'>

Apasat? <INPUT CHECKED> (checkbox si radio)

Dimensiune camp <INPUT SIZE=?> (in caractere)

Dimensiune maxima <INPUT MAXLENGTH=?> (in caractere)

Lista de selectie <SELECT></SELECT>

Nume lista <SELECT NAME='***'></SELECT>

Numar de optiuni <SELECT SIZE=?></SELECT>

Optiuni multiple <SELECT MULTIPLE> (se pot selecta mai multe optiuni)

Optiune <OPTION> (elemente ce pot fi selectate)

Optiune implicita <OPTION SELECTED>

Dimensiune fereastra input text <TEXTAREA ROWS=? COLS=?></TEXTAREA>

Nume fereastra <TEXTAREA NAME='***'></TEXTAREA>

Spatiere text <TEXTAREA WRAP=OFF|VIRTUAL|PHYSICAL></TEXTAREA>

Tabele

Definire tabel <TABLE></TABLE>

Chenar tabel <TABLE BORDER=?></TABLE>

Spatiu intre celule <TABLE CELLSPACING=?>

Spatiu fata de marginea celulei <TABLE CELLPADDING=?>

Dimensiune dorita <TABLE WIDTH=?> (in pixeli)

Dimensiune procentuala <TABLE WIDTH='%'> (procentaj din pagina)

Linie tabel <TR></TR>

Celula tabel <TD></TD> (trebuie sa apara in interiorul unei linii tabel)

Fara linii noi <TD NOWRAP>

Pe cate coloane sa se intinda <TD COLSPAN=?>

Pe cate linii sa se intinda <TD rowspan='?>'

Dimensiune dorita <TD WIDTH=?> (in pixeli)

Dimensiune procentuala <TD WIDTH='%'> (procentaj din tabel)

Culoare fundal celula <TD BGCOLOR='#$$$$$$'>

Header tabel <TH></TH> (apare la fel ca datele din interior dar ingrosat, pe centru)

Fara linii noi <TH NOWRAP>

Pe cate coloane sa se intinda <TH COLSPAN=?>

Pe cate linii sa se intinda <TH rowspan='?>'

Dimensiune dorita <TH WIDTH=?> (in pixeli)

Dimensiune procentuala <TH WIDTH='%'> (procentaj din tabel)

Culoare fundal <TH BGCOLOR='#$$$$$$'>

Captura tabel <CAPTION></CAPTION>

Aliniere <CAPTION ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM> (inainte/dupa tabel)

Ferestre

Ferestre document <FRAMESET></FRAMESET> (in loc de <BODY>

Inaltime linii <FRAMESET ROWS=,,,></FRAMESET> (pixeli sau %)

Inaltime linii <FRAMESET ROWS=*></FRAMESET> (* = dimensiune relativa)

Latime coloane <FRAMESET COLS=,,,></FRAMESET> (pixeli sau %)

Latime coloane <FRAMESET COLS=*></FRAMESET> (* = dimensiune relativa)

Dimensiune margini <FRAMESET BORDER=?>

Margine <FRAMESET FRAMEBORDER='yes|no'>

Culoare margine <FRAMESET BORDERCOLOR='#$$$$$$'>

Definire fereastra <FRAME> (continutul unei ferestre individuale)

URL afisat in fereastra <FRAME SRC='URL'>

Nume fereastra <FRAME NAME='***'|_blank|_self| _parent|_top>

Dimensiune margine <FRAME MARGINWIDTH=?> (margine stanga si dreapta)

Dimensiune margine <FRAME MARGINHEIGHT=?> (margine de sus si de jos)

Bara defilare? <FRAME SCROLLING='YES|NO|AUTO'>

Neredimensionabil <FRAME NORESIZE>

Margini <FRAME FRAMEBORDER='yes|no'>

Culoare margine <FRAME BORDERCOLOR='#$$$$$$'>

Continut fara ferestre <NOFRAMES></NOFRAMES> (pt. browser-e ce nu cunosc frame-uri)

Cod sursa

Home

<html>

<head>

<title>Grafitti</title>

</head>

<tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Home</font> |

<a href='roots.html'>The Roots</a></font> |

<a href='modern.html'>Modern Graffiti</a></font> |

<a href='hiphop.html'>Graffiti into Hip-Hop</a></font> |

<a href='doc.html'>Documentaries</a></font> |

<a href='gallery.html'>Gallery</a></font></div></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<div align='center'><font size='6' face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'><strong>The art known as GRAFFITI</strong></font></div>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp In this site I will present the beginnings of graffiti, the way how it evolved over time.<br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp How a foot messenger with a great idea influenced the whole world. How something as simple as a signature on the wall could have a big impact.<br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp Graffiti is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property. Graffiti is often regarded as unsightly damage or unwanted vandalism.<br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp Graffiti has existed since ancient times, with examples going back to Ancient Greece and the Empire. Graffiti can be anything from simple scratch marks to elaborate wall paintings. In modern times, spray paint and markers have become the most commonly used materials. In most countries, defacing property with graffiti without the property owner's consent is considered vandalism, which is punishable by law.<br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp Sometimes graffiti is employed to communicate social and political messages. To some, it is an art form worthy of display in galleries and exhibitions, to others it is merely vandalism. There are many different types and styles of graffiti and it is a rapidly evolving art form whose value is highly contested, being reviled by many authorities while also subject to protection, sometimes within the same jurisdiction.

<br>

</font><br />

</td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height='10'><div align='center'><font color='#000000' size='1' face='Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>Website created by Ion George Nicolae</font></div></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

The roots

<html>

<head>

<title>Grafitti</title>

</head>

<tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<a href='index.html'>Home</a></font> |

The Roots</font> |

<a href='modern.html'>Modern Graffiti</a></font> |

<a href='hiphop.html'>Graffiti into Hip-Hop</a></font> |

<a href='doc.html'>Documentaries</a></font> |

<a href='gallery.html'>Gallery</a></font></div></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<div align='center'><font size='6' face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'><strong>The roots of Graffiti</strong></font></div>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp Between the years of 1969-1974 the 'pioneering era' took place. During this time graffiti underwent a change in styles and popularity. Soon after the migration to NYC, the city produced one of the first graffiti artists to gain media attention in New York, TAKI 183. TAKI 183 was a youth from Washington Heights, Manhattan who worked as a foot messenger. His tag is a mixture of his name Demetrius (Demetraki), TAKI, and his street number, 183rd. Being a foot messenger, he was constantly on the subway and began to put up his tags along his travels. This spawned a 1971 article in the New York Times titled ''Taki 183' Spawns Pen Pals'. Julio 204 is also credited as an early writer, though not recognized at the time outside of the graffiti subculture. Other notable names from that time are: Stay High 149, Phase 2, Stitch 1, Joe 182, Junior 161 and Cay 161. Barbara 62 and Eva 62 were also important early graffiti artists in New York, and are the first women to become known for writing graffiti.<br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp Also taking place during this era was the movement from outside on the city streets to the subways. Graffiti also saw its first seeds of competition around this time. The goal of most artists at this point was 'getting up': having as many tags and bombs in as many places as possible. Artists began to break into subway yards in order to hit as many trains as they could with a lower risk, often creating larger elaborate pieces of art along the subway car sides. This is when the act of bombing was said to be officially established.<br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp By 1971 tags began to take on their signature calligraphic appearance because, due to the huge number of artists, each graffiti artist needed a way to distinguish themselves. Aside from the growing complexity and creativity, tags also began to grow in size and scale - for example, many artists had begun to increase letter size and line thickness, as well as outlining their tags. This gave birth to the so-called 'masterpiece' or 'piece' in 1972. Super Kool 223 is credited as being the first to do these pieces.<br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp The use of designs such as polka dots, crosshatches, and checkers became increasingly popular. Spray paint use increased dramatically around this time as artists began to expand their work. 'Top-to-bottoms', works which span the entire height of a subway car, made their first appearance around this time as well. The overall creativity and artistic maturation of this time period did not go unnoticed by the mainstream - Hugo Martinez founded the United Graffiti Artists (UGA) in 1972. UGA consisted of many top graffiti artists of the time, and aimed to present graffiti in an art gallery setting. By 1974, graffiti artists had begun to incorporate the use of scenery and cartoon characters into their work.

<br>

</font><br />

</td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height='10'><div align='center'><font color='#000000' size='1' face='Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>Website created by Ion George Nicolae</font></div></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Modern graffiti

<html>

<head>

<title>Grafitti</title>

</head>

<tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<a href='index.html'>Home</a></font> |

<a href='roots.html'>The Roots</a></font> |

Modern Graffiti</font> |

<a href='hiphop.html'>Graffiti into Hip-Hop</a></font> |

<a href='doc.html'>Documentaries</a></font> |

<a href='gallery.html'>Gallery</a></font></div></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<div align='center'><font size='5' face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'><strong>Modern Graffiti</strong></font></div>

&nbsp&nbsp Graffiti is often seen as having become intertwined with hip hop culture as one of the four main elements of the culture (along with rapping, DJ-ing, and break dancing). However, there are many other instances of notable graffiti this century.<br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp During World War II and for decades after, the phrase 'Kilroy was here' with accompanying illustration was widespread throughout the world, due to its use by American troops and its filtering into American popular culture. In the sixties, its popularity was eclipsed by American graffiti proclaiming that 'Yossarian lives!', a reference to the protagonist of Joseph Heller's novel, Catch-22. The student protests and general strike of May 1968 saw Paris bedecked in revolutionary, anarchist, and situationist slogans such as L'ennui est contre-révolutionnaire ('Boredom is counterrevolutionary') .A famous graffiti of the 20th century was the inscription in the London subway reading 'Clapton is God'. The phrase was spray-painted by an admirer on a wall in an Islington Underground station in the autumn of 1967. The graffiti was captured in a now-famous photograph, in which a dog is urinating on the wall. A popular graffiti of the 1970s was the legend 'Dick Nixon Before He Dicks You,' reflecting the hostility of the youth culture to that U.S. president. Graffiti also became associated with the anti-establishment punk rock movement beginning in the 1970s. Bands such as Black Flag and Crass (and their followers) widely stenciled their names and logos, while many punk night clubs, squats and hangouts are famous for their graffiti.

<br>

</font><br />

</td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height='10'><div align='center'><font color='#000000' size='1' face='Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>Website created by Ion George Nicolae</font></div></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Graffiti into hip-hop

<html>

<head>

<title>Grafitti</title>

</head>

<tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<a href='index.html'>Home</a></font> |

<a href='roots.html'>The Roots</a></font> |

<a href='modern.html'>Modern Graffiti</a></font> |

Graffiti into Hip-Hop</font> |

<a href='doc.html'>Documentaries</a></font> |

<a href='gallery.html'>Gallery</a></font></div></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<div align='center'><font size='5' face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'><strong>Graffiti art as an element of hip hop</strong></font></div>

&nbsp&nbsp In America around the late 1960s, graffiti was used as a form of expression by political activists, and also by gangs such as the Savage Skulls, La Familia, and Savage Nomads to mark territory. Towards the end of the 1960s, the signatures(tags)of Philadelphia graffiti writers Top Cat, Cool Earl and Cornbread started to appear. Around 1970-71, the centre of graffiti innovation moved to New York City where writers following in the wake of TAKI 183 and Tracy 168 would add their street number to their nickname, 'bomb' a train with their work, and let the subway take it-and their fame, if it was impressive, or simply pervasive, enough-'all city'. Bubble lettering held sway initially among writers from the Bronx, though the elaborate Brooklyn style Tracy 168 dubbed 'wildstyle' would come to define the art. The early trendsetters were joined in the 70s by artists like Dondi, Futura 2000, Daze, Blade, Lee, Zephyr, Rammellzee, Crash, Kel, NOC 167 and Lady Pink. <br>

<br>

&nbsp&nbsp The relationship between graffiti and hip hop culture arises both from early graffiti artists practicing other aspects of hip hop, and its being practiced in areas where other elements of hip hop were evolving as art forms. Graffiti is recognized as a visual expression of rap music, as break dancing is the physical expression. By the mid-eighties, the form would move from the street to the art world. Jean-Michel Basquiat would abandon his SAMO tag for art galleries, and even street art's connections to hip hop would loosen. Occasional hip hop paeans to graffiti could still be heard throughout the nineties, however, in tracks like the Artifacts' 'Wrong Side of Da Tracks' (Between a Rock and a Hard Place, Big Beat, 1994) and Company Flow's 'Lune TNS' (Funcrusher Plus, Rawkus, 1997).

<br>

</font><br />

</td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height='10'><div align='center'><font color='#000000' size='1' face='Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>Website created by Ion George Nicolae</font></div></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Documentaries and films

<html>

<head>

<title>Grafitti</title>

</head>

<tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<a href='index.html'>Home</a></font> |

<a href='roots.html'>The Roots</a></font> |

<a href='modern.html'>Modern Graffiti</a></font> |

<a href='hiphop.html'>Graffiti into Hip-Hop</a></font> |

Documentaries</font> |

<a href='gallery.html'>Gallery</a></font></div></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<div align='center'><font size='5' face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'><strong>Documentaries and films</strong></font></div>

80 Blocks from Tiffany's (1979), A rare glimpse into late 70's New York towards the end of the infamous South Bronx Gangs. The documentary shows many sides of the mainly Puerto Rican community of the South Bronx including. Reformed gang members, current gang members, the police, and the community leaders who try and reach out to them.<br>

Stations of the Elevated (1980), the earliest documentary about subway graffiti in New York City, with music by Charles Mingus<br>

Wild Style (1983), a drama about hip hop and graffiti culture in New York City<br>

Style Wars (1983), an early documentary on hip hop culture, made in New York City<br>

Bombing L.A. (1989), an award winning documentary about Los Angeles graffiti artists.<br>

Sprayed Conflict (1994), a documentary about Melbourne graffiti artists featuring well-known Australian graffiti writer Duel.<br>

Quality of Life (2004) a graffiti drama shot in the Mission District of San Francisco, starring/co-written by a retired graffiti writer.<br>

Piece By Piece (2005), a feature length documentary on the history of San Francisco graffiti from the early 1980s until the present day. Called the west coast Style Wars<br>

NEXT: A Primer on Urban Painting (2005), a documentary about global graffiti culture<br>

Bomb the System (2006), a drama about a crew of graffiti artists in modern day New York City<br>

Infamy (2007), a feature-length documentary about graffiti culture as told through the experiences of six well-known graffiti writers and a graffiti buffer.<br>

Jisoe (2007), a documentary on Melbourne graffiti artist Jisoe.<br>

BOMB IT (2007), the global graffiti and street art documentary filmed on 5 continents.<br>

<br>

</font><br />

</td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height='10'><div align='center'><font color='#000000' size='1' face='Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>Website created by Ion George Nicolae</font></div></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Gallery

<html>

<head>

<title>Grafitti</title>

</head>

<tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<a href='index.html'>Home</a></font> |

<a href='roots.html'>The Roots</a></font> |

<a href='modern.html'>Modern Graffiti</a></font> |

<a href='hiphop.html'>Graffiti into Hip-Hop</a></font> |

<a href='doc.html'>Documentaries</a></font> |

Gallery</font></div></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<br />

<tr>

<br>

<div align='center'><font size='5' face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'><strong>Some urban art</strong></font></div>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

<br>

</div>

</tr>

</td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

</table></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height='10'><div align='center'><font color='#000000' size='1' face='Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>Website created by Ion George Nicolae</font></div></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Bibliografie

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti

http://www.subwayoutlaws.com/

Documente similare

biologie

botanica

Upload!

Trimite cercetarea ta!
Trimite si tu un document!
NU trimiteti referate, proiecte sau alte forme de lucrari stiintifice, lucrari pentru examenele de evaluare pe parcursul anilor de studiu, precum si lucrari de finalizare a studiilor universitare de licenta, masterat si/sau de doctorat. Aceste documente nu vor fi publicate.