Timpurile modului indicativ: Presentul simplu (Present Tense Simple) si prezentul continuu (present Tense Continuous)

Exista doua aspecte ale timpului in limba engleza: simplu si continuu. In general, timpurile simple se folosesc cand accentul se pune pe actiunea propriu-zisa, iar timpurile continue se folosesc cand accentul se pune pe durata actiunii, pe perioada de timp in care are loc actiunea.
   In explicarea intrebuintarii timpurilor continue se va intalni formularea "actiune in plina desfasurare'. Aceasta inseamna ca actiunea a inceput inainte de momentul la care se face referire si va continua dupa acel moment.
Exista un numar de verbe in limba engleza care nu se folosesc la forma continua, deoarece ideea de durata e inclusa in continutul lor semantic. Ex. to want, to like, to dislike, to understand, to owe, to matter, to love, to hate, to belong, to believe, to remember, to know.

Present Tense Simple

Afirmativ/ Negativ I read/I do not (don't) read
You read /You do not (don't) read
He/she/it read He/she/it does not (doesn't) read
We read /We do not (don't) read
You read /You do not (don't) read
 They read /They do not (don't) readInterogativDo I read? Do we read?Do you read? Do you read?Does he/she/it read? Do they read?   Present Tense Simple se foloseste pentru a arata o actiune regulata, obisnuita, in perioada prezenta.
Ex. What do you do? (Cu ce te ocupi?) I am a writer. (Sunt scriitor.)
What time do you usually go to school? (Cand pleci la scoala de obicei?)

Cum se formeaza Simple Present Tense

Exista trei exceptii importante pentru folosirea presentului simplu:

1. Pentru propozitii positive de obicei nu se foloseste auxiliarul.
2. Pentru persona a 3 a (he, she, it), adaugam s la verbul principla sau es la auxiliary.
3. Pentru verbul to be, nu se foloseste auxiliar chiar si pentru propotitii interrogative sau negative.

Observati aceste exemple cu verbul principal like:

Observati aceste exemple cu verbul principal be. Observati lipsa auxiliarului.  

Cand folosim Simple Present Tense?

Folosim prezentul simplu cand:

• Actiunea este genrala (the action is general)
• Actiunea are loc mereu, in mod obisnuit, in trecut, present sau viitor. (the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future)
• Actiunea nu are loc numai acum (the action is not only happening now)
• Afirmatia este intotdeauna adevarata (the statement is always true)

Cititi exemplele:

• I live in New York.
• The Moon goes round the Earth.
• John drives a taxi.
• He does not drive a bus.
• We do not work at night.
• Do you play football?

Cand folosim verbul to be, putem folosi prezentul simplu pentru a exprima situatii care nu sunt generale. Folosim prezentul simplu pentru a arata o actiune care se intampla acum. Observati exemplele care folosesc verbul  'to be' la present simplu - unele expreima o actiune la general, altele exprima o actiune care are loc acum.

Present Tense Continuous

Se conjuga verbul to be la timpul prezent si se adauga forma -ing a verbului de conjugat.

AfirmativI am reading / We are reading
You are reading / You are reading
He/she/it is reading / They are reading

Negativ I am not reading.
You are not (aren't) reading.
He/she/it is not (isn't) reading.
We are not (aren't) reading.
You are not (aren't) reading.
They are not (aren't) reading.

InterogativAm I reading? Are we reading?
Are you reading? Are you reading?
Is he/she/it reading? Are they reading?

Present Tense Continuous se foloseste pentru a arata o actiune in plina desfasurare in momentul prezent.
Ex. What are you doing? (Ce faci? )
   I am writing a poem. ( Scriu o poezie.)
De asemenea poate arata o actiune care se desfasoara pe timp limitat in perioada prezenta.
Ex.: I have dinner at home in the evenings. This evening my husband takes me to a restaurant. ( Iau cina acasa in fiecare seara. In seara aceasta sotul meu ma duce la restaurant.) Uneori se poate folosi timpul Present Tense Continuous cu adverbul always, pentru a arata o actiune repetata. In acest caz, exista o conotatie afectiva (nemultumire) sau actiunea respectiva este caracteristica pentru acea persoana.
Ex. Your children are always running on my lawn.
You are always quarrelling with your sister when it comes to play games on computer.

We play basketball every Saturday!

1. Read.

Helen Sanders is my favourite singer. She gets up at eight o'clock every morning. She has breakfast at nine o'clock. In the afternoon she plays the piano and sings. In the evening she visits friends or she goes to the theatre. She goes to bed at twelve o'clock. I like Helen Sanders! She's a great singer.

2. Read again and put a tick (√) or a cross (X).

1. Helen gets up at seven o'clock every morning.
2. Helen has breakfast at ten o'clock.
3. Helen visits friends in the evening.
4. Helen goes to bed at eleven o'clock.

3. Put the words in the correct order.

1. Cindy/ get up/ six o'clock/ the morning.

..Cindy gets up at six o'clock in the morning. ....

2. Lin/ have/ breakfast/ 8 o'clock/ the morning.

3. Masid/ eat lunch/ one o'clock.

4. Wendy/ go to/ the cinema/ Sundays.

4. Make sentences after the model:

• What does Masid do on Mondays?He washes his lamp.

5. What time do you .? Complete the sentences

1. ........ get up? I get up at ........
2. ........ have breakfast? ..................
3. ........ go to school? ................
4. ........have lunch? ................
5. ........ go to bed? ................

6. Write: in/ on/ at

Hi, I'm Kim Basser. I get up 1) at six o'clock. 2) ........in the morning. I have breakfast 3) ........seven o'clock. I have a shower 4) ........ eight o'clock. I meet my friends 5) ........noon and we have lunch. 6) ........ the afternoon I play tennis or listen to music. 7) ........ the evening I go to the theatre. I go to bed 8) ........ twelve o'clock 9) ........night. 10) ........Saturday I have coffee with my friends and 11) ........ Sunday I visit my grandfather and my grandmother.

7. Put the words in the correct order.

1. has/ a/ Cindy/ Fridays/ on/ lesson/ piano

2. every/ Eddy/ milk/ morning/ drinks

3. on/ Wendy/ cinema/ the/ Sunday/ goes/ to

4. afternoon/ every/ dances/ Lin

5. every/ has/ a/ Thursday/ lesson/ Oscar/ guitar

8. Look and write.

e.g. Wendy likes gardening and horse riding. She doesn't like fishing.

Tom__________ ______ ____ __________ ______ ____ ___

Oscar__________ ______ ____ __________ ______ ____ __Cindy__________ ______ ____ __________ ______ ____ __

9. Read and write.

1. Do you like sailing?
2. Yes, I do. _____ _______ ______ ________

A.  No, _____ _______ ______ ________ . Do you like _____ _______ ______ ________

B.  No, I don't

10. Read and fill in.

gets                                 goes has visits plays swims

Jack Michaels is my favourite basketball player. He gets up at six o'clock every morning. He ____________ in the pool at seven o'clock. He ____________ breakfast at eight o'clock. In the morning he ____________ to the gym or he ____________ his friends. In the evening he ____________ basketball. I like Jack Michaels! He is a great basketball player.

11. Read, choose and match.

Winter              December May spring October July autumn

12. Read and circle the correct answer.

1. Tom don't/ doesn't go to school.
2. What time does/ do you go to school?
3. She doesn't/ don't like ice-cream.
4. We play/ plays tennis every Sunday.
5. Oscar visits/ visit his grandfather every Monday.
6. He washes/ wash the car on Fridays.

Cum scriem verbele la Present Continuous Tense?

Formam prezentul continuu adaugand -ing la forma de baza a verbului. In mod normal este simplu, adaugam -ing. Dar uneori trebuie sa schimbam cuvantul. Sunt cazuri cand se dubleaza ultima litera sau o omitem. Aceste reguli te vor ajuta cum sa scrii corect verbele la present continuu.